The last part covers recent developments and future directions.
The goal is to produce 42 percent of total energy from renewable sources in 2020 and 52 percent by 2030. Subsequent sections describe therapy approaches aimed at modifying balance, gait, and the risk for falls by means of therapeutic exercises, assistive devices like robots or functional electric stimulation, and environmental adaptations. It is the flagship project of the 2009 National Energy Strategy, a comprehensive policy to reverse Morocco’s quasi dependence on imported fossil fuel through the production of electricity from an energy mix of solar, wind and hydropower. In iSCI, impaired proprioception and muscle strength are important factors for completing balancing tasks and for walking. According to the Joint Commission, 30-50 of falls result in injuries, leading to an average of 6.3 days in increased length of stay and about 14,000 in additional medical costs per admission.
Performance of daily life activities in cSCI depends on the ability to control the interaction between the center of mass and the base of support or limits of stability. It places them at risk for a multitude of injuries, from abrasions or contusions to fractures, head injuries, and even severe disability and death. Typically, these activities are affected by impaired afferent and efferent nerves, but not by central nervous processing. Then, the specific aspects of balance disorders, gait disorders, and falls are discussed with respect to motor complete (cSCI) and incomplete (iSCI) SCI. First, the consequences of an SCI on functioning are explained, including etiology, clinical presentation, classification, and epidemiologic data. This chapter covers balance, gait, and falls in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) from a clinical perspective.
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